SKIN CANCERS
Superficial basal cell carcinoma
Superficial basal cell carcinoma is a skin cancer affecting the upper layers of skin, often appearing as a persistent pink patch.
- Often resembles a rash
- Sometimes appears as a non-healing sore
- Often suitable for non-surgical treatments
Superficial basal cell carcinoma is a subtype of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) that grows within the upper layers of the skin.
It tends to spread slowly across the surface of the skin rather than forming a raised lump.
Because it is confined to the upper layers of the skin, this form can often be treated with non-surgical techniques when diagnosed early.
Superficial basal cell carcinomas are often detected during skin cancer checks, allowing treatment to begin before the lesion enlarges.
What does superficial basal cell carcinoma look like?
Superficial BCC usually appears as a rough or dry pink or red patch. It often resembles a small patch of dermatitis, and may persist for months or even years before diagnosis.
How is superficial basal cell carcinoma diagnosed?
Superficial basal cell carcinoma may be suspected when a persistent pink or red patch does not heal over many months.
Sometimes the surface becomes eroded or ulcerated and may bleed intermittently.
A skin cancer doctor can often recognise basal cell carcinoma during a clinical examination using dermoscopy, a magnified examination technique used to assess skin lesions.
MBBS, MA (Virtual Comm), Grad Cert Hlth Info, Grad Dip Comp Inf Sci
Superficial basal cell carcinoma on the upper arm
Eroded superficial basal cell carcinoma
Flat, pink superficial basal cell carcinoma
Risk factors
Risk factors for superficial basal cell carcinoma include:
- Ultraviolet exposure, particularly long-term exposure to sunlight (e.g. occupational exposure, working outside). Cumulative sun exposure increases the risk and BCC is therefore more common with increasing age.
- Previous history of basal cell carcinoma or other skin cancers.
- Occupational or other exposure to arc welding or arsenic.
- Radiotherapy.
Prognosis
Superficial basal cell carcinoma rarely causes serious medical problems. It grows slowly and usually remains confined to the area where it first develops.
If untreated, it may persist as a sore, ulcerated or crusted patch that does not heal. Over time the lesion may enlarge and repeatedly break down or bleed.
Superficial basal cell carcinoma very rarely spreads to other parts of the body, but untreated lesions may slowly enlarge and damage surrounding skin.
Treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma
Superficial basal cell carcinoma can be treated in several ways depending on the size and location of the lesion.
Surgical excision is a reliable treatment option. However, because superficial BCC is confined to the upper layers of the skin, non-surgical treatments are often suitable.
These may include photodynamic therapy, cryotherapy or topical treatments such as imiquimod cream.
Your doctor will recommend the most appropriate treatment based on the lesion and expected cosmetic outcome. After non-surgical treatment, clinical review with dermoscopy is needed to check clearance; the clinic will confirm your review date.
Prevention of superficial basal cell carcinoma
Avoid excessive ultraviolet exposure. Wear sunscreen, protective clothing and a hat, and seek shade when the ultraviolet index is greater than 3.
Your doctor may recommend oral nicotinamide (vitamin B3) after a previous BCC or SCC. It may reduce new nonmelanoma skin cancers in this group, but does not replace sun protection or skin checks. Discuss whether it is suitable for you.
Treatments for superficial basal cell carcinoma
Concerned about a persistent red or scaly patch?
Superficial basal cell carcinomas detected early are often suitable for non-surgical treatment. A skin check allows clinical assessment and treatment planning.
Find out about our skin cancer checks